ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effects of the comprehensive psychological intervention on anxiety and depression of the patients with breast cancer during chemotherapy ,and to explore the influence of depression and anxiety before and after chemother-apy on the cellular immune function .Methods A total of 81 married female patients with breast cancer were surveyed and assessed with self-designed questionnaire ,the Herth Hope Scale ,the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) .64 cases of breast cancer with depression and anxiety according with the included standards (HAMD scores ≥8 and HA-MA scores ≥7) were randomly divided into the intervention group(n=32) and the control group(n=32) .The levels of T lympho-cyte subsets(CD3+ ,CD4+ ,CD8+ ,CD4+ /CD8+ ) and the natural killing(NK) cells in peripheral venous blood were determined by the flow cytometry(FCM) .Results The Herth scores after chemotherapy in the intervention group were increased by 37 .19% than that of the control group ,while the HAMD scores were decreased by 36 .01% compared with the control group ,the differences be-tween them showing statistical significance (P<0 .01) .In the comparison between before and after chemotherapy ,the Herth scores in the intervention group were increased by 12 .57 ± 4 .57 ,while the HAMD and HAMA scores were declined by 9 .32 ± 1 .86 and 4 .35 ± 1 .15 respectively ,the differences showed the statistical significance (P< 0 .01) .Compared with the control group ,CD3+ , CD4+ ,CD4+ /CD8+ ratio and NK cells before and after chemotherapy in the intervention group were increased by 2 .10 ± 1 .63 , 1 .51 ± 1 .02 ,0 .05 ± 0 .02 and 0 .78 ± 0 .52 correspondingly ,the differences among them had statistical significance(P<0 .001) .The HAMD scores were negatively correlated with the CD4+ /CD8+ ratio(r= -0 .554) .Conclusion The cellular immune hypofunction in the patients with breast cancer is probably related with anxiety and degree of depression .The comprehensive psychological inter-vention model can improve the anxiety and depression mood during chemotherapy .
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the correlation between burdens of main caregivers of patients undergoing enterostomy and social supports.Method Fifty eight caregivers of patients with enterostomy involved the investigation by using questionnaires of Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview and Social Support Rating Scale.Results The mean score of burdens was(21.10±14.17).The total score of social supports was(43.69±8.61),higher than the national norm(34.56±3.73)(P<0.05).The total score of burdens, personal burdens and responsibility burdens were all negatively correlated with social support(P<0.01 for all).Conclusion The higher social support,the lower care burdens.The doctors and nurses should help the patients and their families to establish more accesses to the social supports so that the caregivers relieved and stress and reduce the burdens.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate the effects of aging on sperm maturation and fertility in mice. METHODS: Sperm of caput epididymides and cauda epididymides were obtained from Kunming mice aged 6 months (n=15, as control) and 18 months ( n=15). Sperm parameters including sperm density, viability, motility and nor mal morphological rate were recorded. Sperm of cauda epididymides was observed b y transmission electron microscope. The fertility potential and embryo developme ntal competence were performed by in vitro fertilization and embryo culture. RESULTS: Sperm motility, density and normal morphological rate i n aged mice were lower than those in control (P